Structural Family Therapy For Troubled Families Essay

Structural Family Therapy Casey Wagner Liberty University 10/21/2016 Abstract Structural family therapy is one of the many therapeutic interventions used with troubled families. The name isn’t an easy one to say, nor is it a type of therapy that is used often in Hollywood but structural family therapy is like most other types of family systems therapies under the psychological category. The different types of therapies have a larger view of family as a whole that lives and operates within a larger community, culture, and organization. The family system will thrive over time and make changes ideally. Most times a family is not able to get out of the hole it has placed itself in which turns out to be related to behavioral or mental health issues of one of its family members. Aside from keeping the focus on the individual family member’s mental stability, structural family therapy centers around the problems in the structure of the family, the issues in the way the family communicates. Structural family therapy refuses to maintain that the family’s communication, or transactions are the root of the problem, instead the family’s transactions encourage the issues within the family. Transactions within families are patterns of communication between family members. As an example, a father’s transaction with his son could be controlling and overprotective, or a grandmother’s transaction with a grandchild could be loving. In the transactions of each family, they establishShow MoreRelatedQuestions and Answers on Family Therapy Techniques735 Words   |  3 PagesOne paragraph describing structural therapy? Structural theory, developed by Salvador Minuchin, believes that problems that the individuals evidence stem from the fact that problems occur within the family unit itself and that the family is divided into several component parts. To address these problems the therapist, as it were, therefore steps into he family unit, becomes a part of it and intervenes. His doing so not only enables him to see the family patterns form the inside; thereby understandingRead MoreThe Alternative Treatment Of Wilderness Therapy861 Words   |  4 Pagesbe overwhelming. There are many different treatment and therapy options. There are options such as inpatient and outpatient homes. Outpatient therapy treatment may not be enough for those who are heavily addicted and some inpatient programs can last anywhere from up to six to twelve months. Wilderness therapy proves to be a positive alternative treatment in rehabilitating adolescents. Wilderness Therapy is a more successful means of therapy for adoles cence who are struggling with addiction becauseRead MoreStructural Family Therapy Essay1944 Words   |  8 Pagesaffect all family members, and changes in one individual are not going to affect the rest of his or her family, it seems families can use whatever methods facilitate smooth functioning. Then, what is the definition of family and how family therapists help families when problems do arise? A family is an aggregate of individuals, and family therapists have inevitably been dealing with individuals within families. Thus, it is somewhat challenging for family therapists to deal with the family as it requiresRead MoreTheories And Theories Of Psychoanalytic Theories1720 Words   |  7 Pageswanting to explore more about these theories so that I am able to be aware of several theories to possible use as I practice. Worthington discussed theories of psychoanalytic, systems, behavioral, cognitive, and Christian. Psychoanalytic Marriage Therapies Nadelson’s Theory. His theory is that â€Å"problems are seen as due to the developmental history of individuals† (Worthington Jr., 1989, p. 331). Also helping to solve marital problems by helping individuals gain insight into their reasons for theirRead MoreThe Essential Knowledge Of Social Workers1272 Words   |  6 Pageseffectively with families? The social work profession has always emphasized the importance of strong family functioning. When families are successful in meeting their goals, individuals and society as a whole thrive. Throughout the history of the profession, social workers in child welfare, child guidance and mental health have worked with families to ensure that children are safe from abuse and neglect, that parents know ways to manage emotional challenges of childhood and that families know effectiveRead MoreThe MST and BSFT Essay1234 Words   |  5 PagesThe Multisystemic Therapy (MST) is a home-based treatment program developed by Henggler in 1970 that focuses on the factors of family and community. The program is intended to equip parents of troubled youth with tools to handle the difficulties of their behavior. The MST therapists work with the most difficult juveniles, male and female, between the ages of 12 and 17 who tend to have extensive criminal arrest histories. The MST concentrates on numerous aspects contributing to a delinquent lifestyleRead MoreEssay on Circumplex Model1266 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Marriage and Family are very important aspects of the human experience. These two units play vital roles in who individuals are and who they may become. Many times issues or problems arise in the marriage and family structure thus, requiring therapy in order to make matters better. The Circumplex Model of Family and Marriage has been used and has been affective in the treatment process when helping dysfunctional families. The Circumplex Model of Marriage and Family Therapy developed by DavidRead MoreAnalysis Of The Metamorphosis1501 Words   |  7 Pagescomposition of the family and the ultimate resolution of the story, which is not entirely a happy conclusion, but also takes the form of yet another transition, in this case, through Grete s own metamorphosis in a more socially acceptable manner than that of her brother. In terms of literary criticism, the article totally summarizes everything as only so much can be said in three pages, but the material is a useful introduction to the novella from this perspective. Johnson, S. (1993). Structural elementsRead MoreCommunication Theory Model2068 Words   |  9 PagesCommunication Theory Model According to the communication theory, Satir believes that unhealthy relationships between family members result from a distinctive pattern of communication with troubled families, in addition to the correlation between self-esteem and communication. Communication patterns display what is going on in the relationships in the family. If there is conflicted communication between members, it can be observed in a high level of disagreements. According to Satir, (1988), â€Å"Read MoreThe Models : Teaching Skills And Specific Populations2043 Words   |  9 Pagesto Specific Populations Psychoeducational therapy is a skill taught, educational style of treatment. With its unpretentious and direct thought process, it is easy to comprehend the concept of how and why it works. This is a relatively new style approach of family therapy, compared to the established schools like psychodynamic, transgenerational, experiential, structural, strategic, and behavioral and cognitive-behavioral models. I selected this therapy because it is straight forward like me. The

My Mother, God Shaped Me - 1539 Words

Through my mother, God shaped me; by witnessing her, convictions, strong morals, loving disposition, nonjudgmental nature and unshakable faith. I learned why we should never judge others because we are all God’s children. I learned my faith is permanent and there is nothing and no one that can make me stop believing. I learned how precious life is and to never give up. When I say, I learned true Christian values from my mom I am not talking about things my mother said nearly as much as I am talking about the actions I witnessed. My mother was extremely well versed in the Bible; however, she never used Bible verses as weapons. As a matter of fact it meant more when my mom did quote the Bible because she didn’t do it all the time and†¦show more content†¦I didn’t blame them, after all he was dirty, loud, he acted confused, and he wasn’t exactly speaking coherently. I watched him make his way over to the tiny pharmacy department. He quickly got into a loud augment with the Pharmacist who even I had to admit was being rather rude to him. I stared intently at a rack of sunglasses I had no interest in trying to pretend the homeless man was nonexistent. I remember literally praying to God to make him go away or at least stay away from my mom and I. All of the sudden I hear my mom’s voice. I looked up from the rack of grocery store sun glasses in a hurry. I saw my mom standing about twenty feet away from me chatting with the guy. I got very anxious and I ran over to my mom as if to protect her. As I got close I realized she wasn’t bothered by this man at all. I became very aggravated with my mom. I couldn’t believe she was doing that, chatting with him. Although I stood very close to my mom I try so hard to not look up at the man. After chatting with him for at least ten minutes they parted ways. I didn’t say a word to my mom until we got to the car. Then I went off. I ask her what she was thinking send why couldn’t she have done what everyone else had done ignore him. I make my distress know to my mom. Even asking her why she would put her in that situation and telling her she should have looked straight though him when he walked over to her.

Survival of the Fittest - 2218 Words

Introduction According to Darwins Origins of Species that was published in 1859, in the process of nature selection and evolution, the weaker ones will be unavoidably weed out by the stronger ones. His theory had caused philosophers, sociologists, and others began to adopt the idea that human society had also evolved. One of the most well-know theory inspired by Darwin is Spensers social evolution, popularly known as the Social Darwinism, which centers around the idea of Survival of the fittest(Wikipedia, 2007) In the following essay, the author will try to explain some of the key characteristics of this philosophy, as well as providing some critics on its ruthlessness that are against this concept. However, there will be strong and†¦show more content†¦Inequality This phrase is also closely associated with inequality, different input will and shall results in different outcome. It is only fair for someone who had tried to be better than anyone else to succeed, because he had put in more efforts than any other people in order to become the fittest. Although it is important to grant everyone an equal opportunity at the very beginning, but however, how each individual take advantage and utilize that opportunity will create very different end results. Competition Under the concept of Survival of the fittest, it will naturally create competition, and competition is the fundamental component of any good economy. Companies will need to constantly innovate themselves in order match up with the level with their competitors, and not to be weed out. As a result, the market has much more choice, and variety; with each company trying its best attract the customers. The effort of every companies/ individuals attempting to better itself will create a much more prosper society, as compares with a market that is closely control by the government, where nobody is consider to be the fittest, but everyone is equal. The Role of Government In a communism or socialism society, where government is highly involved in taking care of its citizens welfare and ensuring that no one is left out in the society, people tends to rely heavily on others, andShow MoreRelatedThe Survival Of The Fittest1405 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Social status is a very important factor to consider in cyberbullying† (Huberman, Loch, ONculer, 2004.)9 It is a way many go by living on this capitalist society. That has lead many to believe that the survival of the fittest is true. Survival is related specifically with rivalry because of the huge number of species and restricted assets. There s always been a steady drive to out-perform others and overcome obstacles. The individuals who beat these obstacles accept they re at the highest pointRead MoreSurvival of the Fittest1505 Words   |  7 PagesSurvival of the Fittest Hard work and dedication are the sole two pieces to the puzzle of success. A goal set in one’s mind has the capacity to control their mind and guide them in the straight path. In the book Unbroken, by Laura Hillenbrand, Louis Zamperini, who starts off his childhood as a complete mess of a child by stealing things and fighting with others, undergoes a personality change, turning into a confident and respectable man who is trained by his brother, Pete, to run on the trackRead MoreSurvival of the Fittest1409 Words   |  6 PagesSurvival of the fittest. This idea, also known as Darwinism, was theorized by scientist Charles Darwin to explain the evolution of animal species. In the late 1800s, however, the idea of Social Darwinism emerged and applied the same concepts of Darwinism but on humans not animals. As defined by the dictionary, Social Darwinism is a belief, popular in the late Victorian era throughout the world, which states that the strongest or toughest should survi ve and flourish in society, while the weak andRead MoreWhat Is Survival Of The Fittest?1519 Words   |  7 PagesNatural selection, often referred to as â€Å"survival of the fittest† is usually the go to explanation as to how a certain society functions. Describing U.S. history, culture, and society can all related back to this natural law, but the question that arises is how can we go beyond this one explanation? While revising my keyword blogs I tried to use examples that demonstrate my understanding of the keyword. When I began thinking of the historic examples that I would use to explain my perception of theRead MoreSurvival Of The Fittest : Winston Churchill1649 Words   |  7 PagesSurvival of the Fittest Winston Churchill once said, â€Å" Success is not final if failure is not fatal: it is the courage to continue that counts.† For most students fresh out of high school, college may seem strenuous and intimidating, but by looking at it from different perspectives, it can also be one of the best learning experiences in life. By students realizing the differences between high school and college, managing their time, and staying motivated, they can be successful and prevent theRead MoreThe s Survival Of The Fittest Theory1875 Words   |  8 PagesDue to Darwin’s survival of the fittest theory, a prejudiced distinctive form of Social Darwinism developed known as eugenics which is the study that all inferior social groups should be sterilized to prevent the increase in inferior population. Eugenics is the belief that people who are unfit continue to reproduce more unfit offsprings, creating a unfit population, therefore needs to be sterilized. Eugenicists believe that t he masses of people who were deficient in intelligence are a real â€Å"dangerRead More`` Survival Of The Fittest `` By Brower And Sanders873 Words   |  4 Pagesof the world wanted more land and demanded more military power to obtain it; nationalism took the spotlight. Everyone felt a strong commitment to their country and wanted to see growth in its power. Allison Carabajal stated, the idea of â€Å"survival of the fittest† was underway. According to History.com, the conflicts that lead to the war between over 100 countries began long before the assassination that most believe was the start of World War I. World War I Alliances says, in 1873, mutual defenseRead MoreThe Theory of Evolution and Survival of the Fittest Essay1046 Words   |  5 PagesDoes evolving from a living thing such as a tiny cell sound crazy? The theory of evolution, in basic terms, speculates that all life is related and has descended from a common ancestor. The theory of evolution and survival of the fittest has been around since the time of the ancient Greeks and maybe earlier. Evolution has provided people of the world with an explanation of how everyone and everything got here. Although, this theory has sparked a lot of debate, the factual side of evolution is quiteRead MoreGenetic Diversity and Survival of the Fittest1447 Words   |  6 PagesHeterozygosity is the measure of the genetic variation in a population at a particular gene locu s. Genetic variation within a population is important in maintaining or increasing the fitness of members in the population and ultimately the survival of the species. Fitness is the ability for a species of a certain genotype to reproduce and is often times equal to the proportion of the individual’s genes in all the genes of the next generation. Positive correlations have been made between the heterozygosityRead MoreSurvival of the Fittest: Defense Mechanisms in Nature Essay594 Words   |  3 Pagesthe twig. Its legs were inset making them nearly invisible and difficult to count. Typically, an animal possesses only one defensive ability. This insect was using cryptic coloration and mimicry simultaneously, giving it an even greater chance of survival. Nature decided the caterpillar discovery was not enough and deposited an elk calf alongside the trail. Staggered, we stood transfixed in awe and wonder with mouths agape and heads spinning. It seemed odd that the cow would leave her baby right

Cultural Practices Influence The Way We Perceive The World

Cultural practices influence the way we perceive the world. Our Western world is more exposed to â€Å"different† things yet have a difficult time accepting Eastern cultures and how things beyond us work. A major issue that is affected by culture is sexuality. A subtopic of sexuality is, slut shaming. Slut shaming is, â€Å"the act of making any person feel guilty or inferior for certain sexual behaviors or desires that deviate from traditional or orthodox gender expectations,† (Your Dictionary). My outside source, â€Å"Teen girls’ sexual double standards and sexting: Gendered value in digital image exchange,† explains the prominent gender inequalities and sexual double standards. However, the issue of culture shaping thinking with slut shaming as the core issue at hand is asserting gender, religion, equality and parenting. Slut shaming shapes thinking of gender and equality because of how the double standards works. In the eyes of many cultures a man would sleep with 5 women and be a legend, yet a woman sleeps with 5 men and she is worthless trash. In Eastern cultures this is extremely prominent. In many Eastern cultures, such as Middle Eastern cultures, it is very well known that such cultures practice polygamy. Polygamy is â€Å"the practice or custom of having more than one wife or husband at the same time.† (Webster). This practice however is more seen throughout the male cohorts of the culture. A woman is shunned and in most cases killed if she is with more than one man. In WesternShow MoreRelatedPerception Is A Matter Of Interaction Between The World And The Self1534 Words   |  7 PagesPerception is a matter of interaction between the world and the self; the self is a person’s being that separates them from anyone else in the world. At its simplest, the world gives people events ; in return people give those events meaning by interpreting and acting upon them. Perception, it is a mental impression meaning it is perceived by our five senses. It is an active process consisting of three processes; selection, organization, and interpretation. Also perception involves age, culture,Read MoreCultures Influencs on Communication Style873 Words   |  4 Pages Whether we realize it or not, the way that we communicate with others has been a total of all that we have learned and the way that we perceive it. Peoples cultural upbringing conjures up different images, attitudes, and behaviors. Cultural beliefs, values, norms, and practices all influence communication. This analysis will describe examples of how culture’s can influence communication styles and patterns. Of all the worlds living cultures, Greeces is among the most ancient with 98 percentRead MoreIs BDSM Still Deviant1605 Words   |  7 Pages Sexuality freedom is the new civil rights we are fighting for this decade. The practice of BDSM has become a hot topic in our society lately since the book Fifty Shades of Grey went public in 2011. BDSM is an acronym for bondage/discipline, dominance/submission, and sadism /masochism. The term BDSM is defined as a variety of erotic practices involving power play. Now because this term does not cover everyone in the kink community, known as an umbrella term, people are now startingRead MoreThe Effects Of Cultural On Health We Can Draw An Analysis Of A Tree Within A Forest1350 Words   |  6 Pagesaffects the entire way in which health is framed in meaning and response; thus, awareness of these cultural variations can only serve to enable health practitioners to provide adequate health care to those who are in need. Despite the various cultures across the our country, we all share at least three universal needs in life, namely; a sense of safety and security, a sense of integrity and meaningfulness of life and a sense of belonging. To explore the influence of cultural on health we can draw an analysisRead MorePerception, Motivation and Behavior Within Organizations Essay1297 Words   |  6 PagesHow Perception Influences Motivation and Behavior within Organizations There are a lot of factors that affect a person’s behavior or that will influence their motivation. As leaders it is important to try and understand these underlining factors to be able to improve decision making and outcomes for the organization. One area that can have a big impact on behavior and motivation is perception. Perception is described by Gibson, Ivancevich, Donnelly, Konopaske (2009) as the individual’sRead MoreHow Poor Intercultural Communication Affects International Commerce and Foreign Policy1450 Words   |  6 PagesIntercultural Communication Affecting International Commerce and Foreign Policy: France Opposes Turkey Entering the European Union Communication within one cultural group sharing traditions and national or regional identity is often effortless. The social and cultural meanings between the same cultures in regard to communication are understood the way they are intended. When discourse happens within members of the same social groups; they will communicate, talk, discuss in similar places that all membersRead MoreShould Citizens Being Able For Interact And Communicate With Local Nationals?1677 Words   |  7 Pagesimportance of expatriates being able to interact and communicate with local nationals is emphasized by the contact theory assuming that interpersonal contacts between individuals from different cultures lead to understanding and adjustment. One of the ways that expatriate newcomers become aware of appropriate behaviours in the host country is interacting with host country nationals in a social setting, as local people would be the sources of information and help to understand. The successful expat riatesRead MoreUsing Five Metaphors For Identity Essay1443 Words   |  6 Pagesreview various ways of conceptualizing identity by using five metaphors for identity documented in the identity literature: identity as (1) difference, (2) sense of self/subjectivity, (3) mind or consciousness, (4) narrative, and (5) position. This research was really helpful for my study because it gave different perspectives and interpretations of the concept of identity. It should also be clear that the different metaphors of identity carry consequences for how literacy practice, skill, learningRead MoreEssay on Corporate And Social Responsibility988 Words   |  4 Pagesincreasing concern and source of community debate. It is now socially accepted that corporations have some ongoing responsibility, though sometimes ignored, to set a good example, make decisions based on social good and on ensuring positive environmental practices. The two articles reviewed both focus on this corporate responsibility but they have very different approaches and draw very different conclusions. John Darleys article How Organisations Socialize Individuals into Evildoing summarises someRead MoreHow Culture Affects Nursing Care And The Way Humans Care For Themselves946 Words   |  4 PagesAssumptions Leininger presented a general theory statement in 1985, â€Å"with the theory, I predict that different cultures perceive, know, and practice care in different ways, yet there are some commonalities about care among all the cultures in the world (Reynolds Leininger, pg 11).† Leininger states the theory can help to show how culture affects nursing care and the way humans care for themselves. Leininger holds to the idea that care is the central concept for nursing theory and research. The

The Chinese State Environmental Protection Agency Free Essays

string(68) " because of environmental pollution \(Peng Beamish, 2012, p\." Case Study Report Introduction This case study report will explore the company Phase Separation Solutions (PS2) and identify the key problems and alternatives. An analysis and application of models will then be conducted. Specifically, the five models chosen consist of a PESTEL analysis, Porters Five Forces, a SWOT analysis, the VRIN model and the organisational configuration model. We will write a custom essay sample on The Chinese State Environmental Protection Agency or any similar topic only for you Order Now An evaluation of alternatives involving advantages and disadvantages for the alternatives are then investigated. Finally, a conclusion and recommendations are presented for PS2. Identification of Key Problems and Alternatives Within the case study there are a set of key problems and alternatives presented. The first problem deals with whether PS2 should enter the Chinese market. To investigate this further, economic problems, regulatory problems, and the problem of potential limited markets in Canada and North America may compel PS2 to internationalise. Declining economic markets and volatile industry propensity in Canada and North America display limited sustainable future revenues and weakening PCB-contaminated soil allocation. Regulatory issues prohibit PS2 from transporting soils from the US to Canada in addition to PCBs only providing PS2 with short term momentum as PCB treatment is a declining market in Canada. Currently, in the Canadian market there is a potential limit in regards to the amount of PCB-contaminated soil and unfavourable cost advantages which may require PS2 to look abroad in order to increase their business activities. These factors raise issues of constraints in PS2s existing markets (Canada and North America) which will cause assessment whether PS2 should internationalise into China. The second problem deals with which of the two opportunities should PS2 pursue. PS2 needs to weigh up the two options. Option one is a joint venture (JV) with Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences (NIES) in the remediation POP-contaminated soil while option two is a JV with Zhoushan Nahai Solid Waste Central Disposal (Nahai) in oil recovery from oil sludge. Either none, option one, option two, or both need to assessed and then selected. Would it be feasible to pursue both? Assessments of internal capabilities would need to be undertaken, focusing on financials and costs to determine the possibility of pursuing both options. In order to undertake both options, PS2 has to assess the cost and benefits. The third problem deals with whether PS2 possess the required resources and capabilities to pursue an equity-based entry. An internal assessment of resources and capabilities will need to be undertaken to determine current capacity and any future resources and capabilities needed to expand. Additionally, determining the affect cooperative opportunities with NIES and Nahai in China would do to impact the metrics of PS2 and the flow-on impact on corporate resources and the organisational structure. The fourth problem deals with what ownership levels PS2 should assume for each option. Investigating both options and determining the percentage of ownership levels for both options (i. e. equal joint control, majority control or minority control) needs to be undertaken. Therefore contract negotiations with potential JV partners must suit PS2. Based on ownership levels, the fifth problem would be how PS2 would staff its Chinese operation(s) if they decide to pursue the opportunities in China. Organisational structures, systems, and staffing need to be considered when determining the JV and the collaboration of staff. The sixth problem could be that the Chinese market is still in an emerging stage which brings about issues of lagged development of industry in terms of research capabilities and techniques of treatment facilities even though the potential size of this market appears a decent size for small firms such as PS2. The seventh problem deals with competitors (i. e. BEV) who have been seeking opportunities for geographical diversification which could saturate the market and put pressure on PS2. Competitor analysis and determination of future potential industry outcomes are needed to determine a long-term plan for PS2 to internationalise into China. Lastly, the modes of international involvement have previously been on a non-equity basis, in the form of equipment exporting, licensing and service contracts. The eighth problem is that PS2 has no experience in international expansion of an equity-based manner which could present unforeseen issues PS2 has not previously faced. Therefore determination of company capabilities to set-up operation systems to effectively implement an equity-based entry will require copious assessments. Analysis and Application of Models 1)PESTEL Model (macro analysis) PS2 is no stranger to international markets and is presented with the opportunity to enter the unfamiliar yet seemingly attractive Chinese market. An analysis of the Chinese market is necessary to determine the expansion viability. PESTLE is a model which can provide comprehensive information about the macro-environment of the Chinese market and can help answer the problems of whether or not PS2 should enter the Chinese market and which option(s) to choose. Political Factors: The Chinese government has realised and reached a consensus on the importance of prioritising environmental protection beyond a â€Å"basic policy† of country agenda from 2009. The Chinese State Environmental Protection Agency spent $162. 5 billion on environmental protection in 2009 and the Chinese government strongly committed to the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, which meant the government needed to pay more attention and spend more money on environmental protection (Peng Beamish, 2012, p. 9). Furthermore, in 2010, the Chinese government claimed that $3 billion would be invested to oil investigation and oil remediation from 2011 to 2016 (Peng Beamish, 2012, p. 10). Economic Factors: In the past 30 years, economic development of China was rapid where the real GDP per capita rose from $220 in 1980 to $2,883 in 2010 and the annual growth rate was around 9% per annum (Peng Beamish, 2012, p. 8). The huge economic development will provide many opportunities for companies to enter. The Chinese economic environmental is still at the early stage however it has great potential to grow. Social Factors: Environmental pollution has become a serious social issue facing the Chinese government due to its negative consequences on society’s health. Around 410,000 people die every year in China because of environmental pollution (Peng Beamish, 2012, p. You read "The Chinese State Environmental Protection Agency" in category "Papers" 9). Meanwhile, the number of protests related to environmental pollution increased with an annual rate of 29% in recent years (Peng Beamish, 2012, p. 9). Technological Factors: China’s technological capabilities are not as developed as other nations and causing lags in potential growth. TDU technology is widely used in China’s POP market. Compared with TDU, PS2’s TPS technology has higher mobility. In China, the oil sludge industry is in its infancy so advanced technologies are needed to propel development. Environmental Factors: China is critically affected by environmental pollution with smog causing negative effects on worker attendance and productivity. Environmental pollution has placed a burden on the country’s medical system causing pressure on the government to solve the problem. Dumping of untreated oil sludge into pits or the fact that they were incinerated is also bad for the environment. Legal Factors: The government is on its way to addressing environmental pollution. On one hand, it takes measures to reduce pollution. On the other hand, regulations have been created in order to treat pollution properly such as the regulation to forbid the traditional way to deal with the oil sludge, which can be positive for PS2 to compete in the market. Overall, the PESTEL model analyses the macro-environment of China. Generally the environmental industry of China is attractive. On one hand, China has seen huge economic growth so that the country has the ability to spend money on environmental protection. On the other hand, the economic development was made at the cost of the environment and people in China have been negatively affected by the environmental pollution, which means it is necessary to take measures to protect the environment. Moreover, the technology of the environmental industry in China is not developed. To sum up, the macro-environment of China is positive for companies to enter with advanced echnologies. Both the POP industry and oil sludge industry are at the early stage with great potential, so the external factors are positive for PS2 to pursue both options and enter into the Chinese market. 2)Porters Five Forces Model (micro analysis) The treatment of POP and Industrial Sludge micro-industry analysis within China addresses the aspects which directly influence PS2 and its competitive behaviour and responses. Porter’s Five Forces i nteract and determine an industry’s attractiveness and profit potential. One problem PS2 can review to gain a clear picture of whether they should enter the Chinese market in order to determine its viability and what forces offer potential attractiveness or barriers. Another problem PS2 can review is the competitive nature of the Chinese industry with potential opportunities or obstructions as well as varying competitor market saturation levels. Industry analysis will enable an overall assessment of the desirability to enter, difficulty to enter, and potential of the industry. Threat of New Entrants: Low threat of new entrants as there are high barriers to entry which would be difficult to overcome however regulatory changes are transforming industry operations. Both options would mean PS2 would have high start-up costs in conjunction with the JV as they would have high capital requirements for allocation of site locations and treatment facilities as well as high fixed costs with the latest technology and transportation. The industry capabilities are specialised and require knowledge built through years of immersion in the industry. Legal barriers make entry more difficult to comply with environmental and legal policies which can restrict operations. Threat of Substitutes: Low threat of substitutes as there are no direct substitutes to the raw materials used in operations, such as POP contaminated soil and oil sludge. As both soil and oil are natural resources, the likelihood of substitutes are low however government pressures for preservation of environmental reserves means there are various substitute processes towards conversation of soil and oil which would be dependent on technology and cost advantages. The ability to switch between substitute processes is moderate however contracts with companies would limit the ability to switch as site locations grant permission to treatment of the resource. Bargaining Power of Buyers: Low bargaining power of buyers as they have limited capacity to acquire or produce natural resources, such as clean soil and oil on their own. There are a multitude of buyers who would purchase large volumes of either soil or oil however they would lack the ability to influence the products as the technological processes are highly specialised and restricted to government policies. Buyers do however have the ability to switch between similar operational organisations if switching costs and contract negotiations enable such business transactions. Bargaining Power of Suppliers: Moderate-to-high bargaining power of suppliers as they are reliant on natural reserves that determine the allocation of such resources (soil and oil) to organisations. Governments and private organisations would need to give permission for site allocation as well as importation of resources to potential buyers which can be a rigorous and costly task. The speciality of the resource and finite nature makes the bargaining power strong within the Chinese market. There are also other suppliers, such as the companies that supply PS2 with materials for their technology and devices. These suppliers have a high bargaining power as it is assumed that only specialised companies can provide PS2 with the materials and equipment that they need. The Threat of Competitive Rivalry: Low-moderate threat of competitive rivalry as there are a few competitors in the market with various location sites, technological processes and operational capacity. The industry growth is immensely high with regulations and environmental outlooks encouraging preservation of natural resources (soil and oil) encouraging organisations to compete. There would be limited differentiation between resources however production and technological processes would ensure some differentiation enabling PS2 to apply such processes to deliver a competitive advantage in the Chinese market. Overall the POP and Industrial Sludge industry is moderately attractive as a majority of forces pose limited threats. The process systems between buyers nd suppliers are complex however power distribution is fairly un-proportionate. The high barriers could be concerning however once entered into the market, the threat of substitutes and competitive rivalry is limited. Addressing the problems, PS2 has the ability to enter the market as it is attractive and can compete and differentiate with other competitors with the assistance of a JV. PS2 has TPS technology which has the abili ty to provide the Chinese industry with a highly unique and differentiated competitive alternative especially as the market has the capability for such treatment processes. ) SWOT Analysis The SWOT analysis takes an overall approach to the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats presented to PS2 in the case. Specifically, the SWOT analysis can review the problem of whether or not PS2 should enter the Chinese market, which of the two options they should select, the feasibility of pursuing both options, ownership levels, the problem of competitors wanting to enter the international arena, and the fact that the market was still at an emerging stage. Strengths: PS2 is no stranger to internationalisation into other markets with technology deployed in 14 countries in the past 15 years. -PS2 possesses internationally proven technology (TPS), the only one to be able to extract 90% of oil from industrial sludge (Peng Beamish, 2012, p. 3). It is recognised as being world class for p erformance, reliability, mobility and its lack of harmful air emissions. -TPS technology can easily be deployed at fixed locations and has several advantages (stated in above point). -PS2 is well suited to the Nahai JV as they have global experience. Both owners have similar personalities and stories. A solid trust had already been developed and Nahai had solid assets with a wide range of permits already obtained. -The Government agency (NIES) has a degree of safety to it which reduces the risk of the project. They had extensive expertise and experience and had identified and inventoried 300+ sites in three provinces. This option also acted as a free advertising campaign for PS2. -Being an early entrant into the emerging market of remediation of POP-contaminated soil, PS2 would most likely enjoy first mover advantages. Weaknesses: -The oil recovery from oil sludge market was fragmented and the industry was still in its infancy. -The cost of both JV’s are expensive ($3 million each option). -For option one (POP-contaminated soils), the JV would need to design, engineer, manufacture and market TPS units in China for use in various regions of China. -There is no guarantee that option one will work as the JV would need to design, plan, launch and bid for, operate and participate in projects in China. Some competitors already have the rights to other regions of China which will make it harder for PS2 to gain permissions to other areas in China and cause competitive intensity in the industry. Opportunities: -The contaminated soil market has opened up significantly since regulations imposed by governments required more adequate processing of soil. -China was becoming more environmentally aware making protection a priority. Previously waste would b e dumped, however now it can be treated with new regulations in some provinces. More sludge would be generated from increased oil imports which equates to more business for PS2. -Nahai was a leader in the area, possessed the only waste management processing permit in the area, and had an excellent infrastructure. -If option two goes ahead, it opens the doors up for other opportunities like consulting services and applying the technologies to other parts of China. Threats: -The main threat is the issue of the JV’s. Issues of control, management and staffing are present and could undermine PS2’s abilities. Contaminated soil sites were widely dispersed across the country. The soils would therefore need to be transported; however this is not easy due to their bulk. New laws and regulations were expected to ban the importation of waste containing POPs from province to province. Based on the SWOT analysis, it appears that the strengths and opportunities outweigh the weakness es and threats. From the model, it looks certain that indeed PS2 should enter the Chinese market, and pursue both options as it is feasible to pursue both options. Entering the market would beat any competitor in entering the Chinese market and may even deter them, hence eliminating the problem of competition. The problem that the market was at an emerging state helped PS2 as it was in a growth stage and this seems likely to continue. Regarding ownership levels, there seems to be a good fit between the two groups who PS2 would enter the JV with, so this should not be much of a problem. 4) VRIN Model In order to determine which option to pursue, or whether PS2 should choose to pursue both, the strategic capabilities and resources as a basis of competitive advantage must be explored. The internal capabilities will be examined, alongside the required resources and capabilities to pursue an equity-based entry. Furthermore, company capabilities to set-up operation systems to effectively implement an equity-based entry will be determined. Value: With the Chinese government understanding the current environmental concerns in their economy, a need for the protection of the environment was a priority for the government. Pollution was not only an issue, but posed a social issue to residents of the country. As a result, environmental protection became a â€Å"basic state policy† (Peng Beamish, 2012, p. 9). Contaminated sites were randomly dispersed across China, and the mobility of PS2’s TPS technology provided them with a possible competitive advantage in this market. This ease of use across the various sites in China was not something offered by PS2’s competitors. Also, due to application of PS2’s technology regardless of the POPs to be treated, the opportunity in China could allow them to compete in a $725 million market (Peng Beamish, 2012, p. 0). The technology PS2 possesses offers value to the company and an entry into China could extract extra value for PS2 based on favourable policy changes. Rarity: The history of the company, providing a management team with extensive knowledge of the industry, and the geographical experience possessed by these individuals provides PS2 with a supremely talented and knowledgeable workforce. With the president and CE O Paul Antle’s 25 years of experience behind him, his abilities to pursue projects have contributed to his many awards. He was recognised for his success as an entrepreneur, suggesting similar qualities to that of Nahai’s owner. This similarity, alongside an ability to direct and manage, provides PS2 with the advantage of identification with individuals and knowledgeable people to run such a project. Moreover, PS2 offered services on a â€Å"fee-for-service basis† creating a desirability surrounding their product and service Furthermore, their adoption of previous ways to raise capital, such as the Capital Pool Company program, and their insight into becoming a public company suggest that PS2 has been a strategic player in their ambition to create funds. All this confirms that the resources and capabilities that PS2 possesses are rare and hard to find in other companies within the industry. Inimitability: The TPS technology differed to that of its competitors. It produced safe soil with an 85% decrease in volume that could be returned to the environment. The TPS process not only enabled the recovery of oil and other hydrocarbons for reuse or resale, but also generated its own fuel source to fire the system. Compared with incineration and land filling, TPS technology produced no harmful air emissions and no land and water pollutants. And finally, compared with incineration, the TPS process produces significantly fewer greenhouse gas emissions. The environmental benefits presented by this technology dealt with the current environmental concerns facing the Chinese government (Peng Beamish, 2012, p. 3). This makes the TPS technology hard to imitate by any other competitor as there is no other technology that can match its superiority. Non-substitutability: There are always risks of competitors entering the market, but not necessarily substituting PS2’s technology with the same. Rather, competitors may enter the market and look to potentially enhance PS2’s technology. The driving force behind PS2’s technology is the development of a technology that allows for the protection of the environment (p. 6). This technology may only be substituted by the use of incineration or landfills, and if substituted, to the detriment of the environment (p. 6). These forms of substitution do not create the same outcome as that of PS2’s TPS technology. The VRIN model explores the resources and capabilities currently possessed by PS2. Option one allows PS2 to enter a somewhat new market in China, allowing NIES to act as an agent for PS2’s technology. Option one presents a lower level of risk for PS2, but in doing so, results in a lower level of return, contrary to option two. Option two allows a certain level of identification between the management team of Nahai, and PS2’s current management team. This, alongside Nahai’s tangible resources, may present an attractive venture for PS2. Either option presents PS2 as a new, and highly competitive, entrant in the Chinese market. Therefore, the VRIN model confirms that PS2 may have a sustainable competitive advantage and should therefore enter the Chinese market. Both options look suitable. PS2 currently has the required resources and capabilities to pursue an equity-based entry. 5) Organisational Configuration Model The organisational configuration model looks at six main elements in organisations and can be applied to PS2. Specifically, this model can review the problem of whether or not PS2 should enter the Chinese market, which of the two (if not both) options that they should select and whether PS2 possess the required resources and capabilities to pursue an equity-based entry. Leadership: Paul Antle is the CEO of PS2 and leads a team of employees who all possess skills and abilities around the TPS technology. Nahai’s owner had a similar personality to Antle and was also an entrepreneur. They both identified with each other from the beginning, so there is definitely a match in regards to the leaders and their ways of thinking. They had a solid trust based on this. The NIES had made the first call to PS2 about their technology (based on the State Environmental Protection Agency of China) so it is accepted that the leaders somehow matched and got along well. Vision Strategy: PS2s strategy wanted to involve international geographic diversification to propel it to not just a domestic player, but an international one. This would at the same time improve their growth potential. Since both these opportunities were international expansions, it suited the strategy of PS2 and there was a match. Their vision was to become an international player and expand in more areas on new terms (equity basis) and these options to enter into China allowed them to do just that. Formal structures: Antle as CEO leads his team of employees. Among these employees there are certain positions held such as marketing manager, operations manager and RD manager. PS2 has a fairly rigid and hierarchical structure where certain people report to others above them. However, due to the small number of staff, there are quite frequently vertical hierarchical jumps and everyone interacts with each other. Technology: The Thermal Phase Separation (TPS) technology that PS2 possesses is an internationally proven technology which is the only one to be able to extract 90% of oil from industrial sludge (Peng Beamish, 2012, p. 3). It is recognised as being world class for performance in regards to its reliability, mobility and its lack of harmful air emissions. It has been internationally proven and produces safe oil, enables the recovery of oil which can then be reused or resold. The technology produced no harmful air emissions, no land and water pollutants, and fewer green house gas emissions. This would be appreciated by the Chinese and their government in regards to recent policy changes and environmental protection developments. Processes: At PS2, there exist several processes that act in harmony to accomplish tasks and achieve goals effectively and efficiently. There are processes that deal with inputs and outputs such as information, people and materials. There are also processes formed around customer service and after sales service for existing customers, new product development, order fulfilment as well as things like decision making and resource allocation. These could all be successfully employed in China. Informal structures: As mentioned above, although the hierarchical structure exists and is respected by all employees, informal structures are present. These informal structures don’t cause conflict as primarily it is the formal structure that employees follow. However, the CEO and management understand that sometimes it is easier to work with informal structures and that friendship groups work better with one another. For this reason, these structures exist and are granted by management to continue operating. This also leads to a higher motivated workforce. Based on the organisational configuration model that looks at six main elements of PS2, it appears that PS2 should enter the Chinese market as the leaders have good fit, the vision and strategy align with moving into global markets, and the technology is sufficient in regards to China’s new environmental standards. Both options look suitable to be pursued. From the model, it appears that PS2 possess the required resources and capabilities to pursue an equity-based entry and therefore should enter the market. Evaluation of Alternatives Option 1: Remediation of POP-Contaminated Soil Some advantages of option 1 include: -The total amount of high-density PCB waste was about 50,000 tons, a decent proportion of the low-density waste which was calculated to be 500,000 tons – this was three times the amount of the Canadian PCB market (Peng Beamish, 2012, p. 9). If the government improved its measures to protect the environment, the number of POPs in China would rise (currently a $470 million and the potential to be a $725 million market) (Peng Beamish, 2012, p. 10). -The TPS technology differed to that of its competitors – the TPS process was able to produce safe soil with an 85% decrease in volume which could be returned to the environment (Peng Beamish, 2012, p. 3). The TPS process n ot only enabled the recovery of oil and other hydrocarbons for reuse or resale, but also generated its own fuel generated its own fuel source to fire the system. Compared with incineration, the TPS process would produce less greenhouse gas emissions. -Compared with the TDU unit (the current technology from a competitor), PS2’s TPS technological unit had higher mobility, which would be attractive to the Chinese market because there were numerous small contaminated sites in China. -PS2 would cooperate with NIES. NIES was a government agency so the risk of this project would be reduced significantly. NIES had extensive expertise and experience and had identified more than 300 sites in three provinces. This also acted as a free advertising campaign for PS2. Being an early entrant into the emerging market of remediation of POP-contaminated soil, PS2 would most likely enjoy the first move advantages. -PS2 was involved in conducting market research with the Chinese government over t he past one-and-a-half years, which meant PS2 had already gained experience cooperating with the Chinese government. The experience would be helpful if PS2 entered the Chinese market. Some disadvantages of option 1 include: -The JV would need to design, engineer, manufacture and market the TPS units in China for use in various parts of China. There is no guarantee that this option will work as the JV would need to design, plan, launch and bid for, operate and participate in projects in China. -The JV would need an investment of about $3,000,000, which is a large investment for a company the size of PS2. Option 1 is attractive because the positive factors outweigh the negative factors for PS2. The Chinese market is huge and has great potential. Furthermore, PS2 has a competitive advantage to compete in the industry of remediation of POP-contaminated soils. However, there are some risks that PS2 needs to take into account such as the big initial investment. Option 2: Oil Recovery from Oil Sludge Some advantages of option 2 include: -Chinese oil sludge industry is large with treatment of 6. 1 million tons with Zhoushan’s facilities located close to costal oil terminals such as Aoshan Oil Terminal which is China’s largest oil transhipment base (Peng Beamish, 2012, p. 13). -New regulations in Chinese market is encouraging organisations not to dump but rather enforcing proper treatment to respond to environmental issues. Cooperation with Zhoushan Nahai Solid Waste Central Disposal Co. Ltd. (Nahai) in Zhejiang means PS2 would be in partnership with the largest and only permitted solid waste management system in the area of Zhoushan. -Nahai had become a â€Å"leader in the management of hazardous waste and oil sludge in the Zhoushan area† (Peng Beamish, 2012, p. 13) therefore providing more tangible resources such as an oil storage facility, a waste oil recovery facility, bilge water treatment process and a solid waste destruction facility. The JV would expose PS2 to a greater window of opportunity through the capability of processing from 10,000 to up to 100,000 tonnes of oily sludge per year (Peng Beamish, 2012, p. 13). -The ability to leverage off PS2’s international management teams experience through development opportunities of processing oil sludge recovery into other regions of China. -The internationally recognised TPS technology provided by PS2 addresses the environmental concerns of the Chinese government, and thus, partnering with Nahai will present this JV as the preferred vendor for oil sludge recovery systems. PS2 is well suited to Nahai as they have global experience, similar personalities, he is an experienced entrepreneur and they identify with each other. Some disadvantages of option 2 include: -The permit for waste management held by Nahai is only limited to the Zhousha n area. While this area may contain a large potential of oil sludge remediation, gaining rights in other areas of China may pose an issue. -Some competitors already have the rights to other regions of China, thus gaining these permissions to other areas in China may be a drawback and saturate the industry. As Nahai is a privately owned company, and PS2 is a public company, the provisions between the two are not definite. This JV, as with any JV between a public and private company may present a lack of accountability and blur the distinctions with regards to risk, performance and funding. -The Chinese oil sludge industry is still in its infancy and is very fragmented due to various oil sludge generation locations making it difficult to expand operations into other regions. -The JV would need an investment of about $3,000,000, which a large investment for a company the size of PS2. When determining whether PS2 should enter into a JV with Nahai it is important to explore both the advantages and disadvantages that exist. While there may be some disadvantages present, there are also advantages for PS2 to enter into a JVwith Nahai that will allow for the international growth and expansion of PS2. While it may not allow for the exploration of other suitable industries, such as research into rural environments, it does provide PS2 with substantial financial gain should they consider entering into this JV with Nahai. Recommendations and Conclusions Based on the above evaluation of alternatives, it appears that for both option one and option two, the advantages clearly outweigh the disadvantages. However, taking a closer look at both options, it appears option one has the same amount of advantages as option two but at the same time option one has far less disadvantages than option two. From this, it could be concluded that option one is perhaps better than option two in regards to which option PS2 should choose. Therefore option one is the better opportunity on face value however this is not to say that option two is not viable as the analysis illustrates both provide high potential future prosperous outcomes for PS2. It is therefore recommended that PS2 enter both option one and option two, but at different times and stages. It is recommended that PS2 pursue and enter option one, the remediation of POP-contaminated soil first and foremost. The only negatives for pursuing this option is firstly the cost, which is a price of doing business and will need to be undertaken no matter how or where PS2 expands internationally. The next negative is that there is no guarantee that the JV will work, as PS2 has to do extra work such as bidding, planning, launching, operating and participating. Therefore an element of risk does exist, but the advantages and potential return outweigh this risk. The advantages consist of large amounts of PCB waste present, the fact that the TPS technology was different to any other company including its use (such as a higher mobility) and the environmental protection is enforced. Nevertheless, this does not mean that PS2 should not pursue the second option of oil recovery from oil sludge. Some of the major disadvantages deal with limited permits and areas where PS2 can use its technology, the fact that other competitors have the right to other regions of China, and possibly the problem of conflictions between the JV agreements as PS2 and Nahai are private and public respectively. There are though, more advantages than disadvantages, and stronger ones as well. For example, PS2 would be exposed to a greater opportunity, Nahai has a strong reputation and possesses the only permits in the area in question, the large oil sludge industry and the fact that both PS2 and Nahai had similar founders with similar personalities. From the evaluation of alternatives, option one is preferred, but option two still appears viable. Therefore, it is recommended the corporate level strategy is to enter into option one and be monitored based on the above conclusions. Entering both options at the same time is unrealistic and would bear financial strain on PS2. It seems a more strategic move would be to pursue option one and monitor it in terms of its financial performance – return on equity and return on investment as well as its success. If it is successful and some of the expenses are recuperated, this could be used for potential enter into option two. Therefore, it is recommended that an entry into option two is followed by the entry of option one at a later stage (based on the assessment outcomes of option one). If however option one is a failure and there is no return on the $3 million, option two will not be pursued. Further, it is also recommended that PS2 embark on a new operational level strategy of hiring additional employees and expanding resources required to increase the probability of any entrance into China ending in a successful move for PS2. It is expected that any move into China will require a collaboration of resources with the JV and further employees to cope with the increase in activities and make sure the entry runs smoothly. The increase and hiring of new staff should specifically involve potential employees who have some cross-cultural experience and perhaps even some business experience within China. Reference Peng, G. Z. , 2012, ‘Phase Separation Solutions (PS2): The China Question’, Richard Ivey School of Business, The University of Western Ontario, p. 1-18 How to cite The Chinese State Environmental Protection Agency, Papers

The Psychosocial Needs of Cancer Patients free essay sample

Cancer is a disease with no regard for age, gender, or ethnicity. In 2013 nearly 1,600 people a day died from cancer; and â€Å"cancer remains the second most common cause of death in the US† (ACS, 2013). There are twenty three cancer types currently identified. However, many people still do not understand what a diagnosis of cancer means, how cancer progresses, or the common complications with cancer. All valuable information that must be addressed before choosing a treatment option, discussing treatment side effects, and identifying the support systems a person will need while receiving treatment. Despite advances in treatment and care the public continues to have a great deal of anxiety and fear when diagnosed with cancer. Partially because people do not understand what having cancer means. Every living organism is made up of cells. These cells divide at a controlled rate with a specific function and multiply to replace damaged cells. While cancer cells grow and multiply with no control, destroying healthy cells in its’ path, and ultimately invading parts of the body inhibiting its’ function. Biologists have labeled cancer cells as any invading cell that can control proliferation and differentiation. Proliferation is the lifecycle of normal cells, to include regeneration of new cells as cells die. One of the phenomenon’s of normal proliferation is that the cells remain in their territory and do not inhibit cellular growth to surrounding cell membranes (Lewis, 2007). Differentiation is when a stem cell is coded to perform a specific function and under normal conditions these cells are unable to change their function. However, cancer is able to alter these naturally occurring processes. Cancer begins are a mutation in replicating DNA, either by genetics or a chemical, radiation, or viral exposure. The mutated DNA then starts proliferation and develop mutated cells; however, these cells do not stay within the boundaries of its originating cellular territory like healthy cells. At this stage the cancer cells have not interrupted normal bodily functions and there are no clinical indications of cancer. However, as the cancer progresses it can form tumors, invade tissues and organs, and eventually travels to other organs in the body. With a greater understanding of what cancer is, when do clinical indications and a diagnosis of cancer occur? As any disease spreads through the body it is known as staging, as a disease spreads it rises in stage; thus the higher the number the greater amount of cancer invading a person. Cancer has five stages and staging is accomplished during the diagnostic workup phase which enables physicians to provide the appropriate treatment plan. Diagnostic tools used to stage cancer include blood work, MRI, CT scan, PET scan, ultrasound, and biopsy of the affected cells. Stage zero is known as cancer in situ, this is when the cancer is still new and remains in the originating tissue. Stage one indicates a tumor has developed, but it is localized in the original tissue, has not affected the lymph nodes, and has not spread to any surrounding tissues. Stages zero and one have the best treatment outcomes (ASCO, 2013). Stage two indicates the cancer tumor is larger, the cells have spread to the surrounding tissues to include the lymph nodes. Stage three is very similar to stage two, however, the size of the tumor and invasion of surrounding tissues is much larger. While stage four occurs when the cancer has spread to multiple areas of the body and is considered advanced or metastatic cancer. When cancer has metastasized it means the cancer has traveled to another organ of the body it does not neighbor, such as from the colon to the liver or the pancreas to the brain. As cancer spreads it affects multiple body systems, this along with treatment can cause several complications. The most common complications include pain, fatigue, and nausea. However, as cancer progresses it can press on nearby nerves resulting in pain and loss of function to parts of the body. Should the cancer involve the brain this type of nerve interaction can cause severe headaches and stroke like symptoms (Mayo Clinic, 2014). Some clients may develop paraneoplastic syndromes, this is when the body’s own immune system reacts to the cancer and begins to attack healthy cells. This paraneoplastic syndrome can present itself in a number of symptoms to include difficulty walking and seizures. Finally cancer can affect the chemical balance in the body. Which can present as excessive thirst, frequent urination, constipation and dementia. A diagnosis of cancer does not only affect the originating tissues as it grows and during treatment it can affect the person as a whole. Cancer is treated differently depending on what researchers have found to be most effective for the given type of cancer. Common treatments include chemotherapy, radiation, bone marrow transplant, surgery, immunotherapy, and target therapy. Each of these therapies has complications that must be considered prior to treatment. Chemotherapy is the use of medications to destroy or stop the growth of cancer cells (ACS, 2014). Chemotherapy is used to destroy caner, shrink tumors for surgical removal, enhance the cancer killing effects of radiation, and palliative care. Since chemotherapy affects the rapidly dividing cells it also effects healthy cells. Common side effects include anemia due to lack of RBC’s, bleeding disorders due to a lack of platelets, hair loss, GI upset, organ damage, and a high risk for secondary infection related to a lack of WBC’s. Radiation is the use of strong x-rays to kill cancer cells specifically at the tumor location (ACS, 2014). By administering radiation to the tumor you can kill the rapidly dividing cells without damaging cells throughout the body. Yes, the treatment will kill healthy cells in the treatment area, however healthy cells are more prepared to repair themselves than cancer cells. Side effects may differ depending on the affected area, however common side effects include radiation dermatitis, fatigue, and a decreased blood count. Bone marrow transplants (BMT) replace diseased cells with noncancerous stem cells that can grow into healthy new cells. BMT is only used when the chances of a cure with chemotherapy alone is very low (ACS, 2014). Common side effects of BMT are anemia, thrombocytopenia, mucositis, secondary infection, and graft vs host disease. Surgery is the procedure of physically removing cancerous tumors from the body. Surgical intervention is greatly impacted by the size, location, type, and extent of the cancer. Primary complications include constipation, headaches, nausea, and pain. Immunotherapy is using the body’s own immune system to fight the cancer. During this therapy patients are given biological response modifiers which naturally enhance the body’s ability to fight cancer. Common side effects are typical flu like symptoms. Finally target therapy is the newest approach to fighting cancer. This therapy uses medications to stop important roles in cancer growth like blocking blood supply, interfering with cancer cell replication, and stopping the interaction with healthy cells (ACS, 2014). Side effects are typically milder than chemotherapy, but do include allergic reactions. With this many treatment options it is important to be patient during the diagnostic phase and truly consider treatment options before jumping into therapy. Finally psychological support during cancer therapy is essential to maintain a positive attitude towards treatment and sustain a high quality of life. There are several fears that come with a diagnosis of cancer to include disfigurement, disruption of relationships, pain, financial depletion, abandonment, and death. Having a strong support system will aid patients as they cope with the many fears they will encounter throughout therapy. Thankfully nurses play a major role in patient and family education when it comes to a healthy support system; not to mention nurses themselves are a patient resource for support. Remind families that it is important to be available and to continue to be available for the person especially during the difficult times. Be caring, listen to their fears and concerns, and offer relief to their distress whenever possible. Maintain a relationship based on trust and confidence this will make it easier to provide essential information regarding their cancer and treatment. Assist the person in reaching their short term and long term goals, as well as maintaining their current lifestyle. Finally always maintain hope; hope can relieve pain, provide motivation, and offer peace of mind. As nurses and family members there are several survivor resources available including the Cancer Survivorship Network, Life After Cancer Care, Live Strong Survivor Care, and the American Cancer Society. As with any disease prevention is the best medicine. Educating the public on the warning signs, early detection, and prevention are the keys to cancer survival. Preventing cancer can be accomplished by limiting alcohol consumption, exercise, having a normal body weight, avoiding tobacco, using sunscreen, and eating a healthy diet. The seven warning signs to cancer can be spelled out as CAUTION: Changes in bowel or bladder, A sore that does not heal, Unusual bleeding or discharge, Thickening skin or a lump, Indigestion or difficulty swallowing, Obvious changes in a mole, and Nagging cough or hoarseness (Lewis, p282). These simple warning signs warrant a swift visit to a physician. Finally early detection is important in catching cancer during its’ early stages with the use of mammograms, colorectal screenings, blood testing, and routine physical examinations. With modern technology and the resources available public education about cancer has been on the rise and early detection has followed right behind it. Hopefully by educating the public on what cancer is, how it affects the body, treatment options, and ways of prevention the public will have tools necessary to help lower the number of deaths per year from cancer.

Analysing Law Case Study

Question: Discuss about the Analysing Law Case Study. Answer: The issue(s) in the case i.e. what is this case all about The case involves the establishment of wind turbines in the region of Taralga an idea that has been opposed by the residents because of the feared environment implication and the physical disturbance to the natural setting. The relevant law that applies in this case The applicable law, in this instance, is Environmental Planning and Assessment Regulation 2000. The application of this law is because of the certain cases that the judge referred to while making the ruling. First, the judge turns to the case of Roseth SC in Tenacity Consulting v Warringah Council (2004) 134 LGERA 23, at paras 25 to. While considering the different facts in the two cases, the judge observed that the project, if operated under the planning principles of environmental conservation will not have any serious impact on the landscape[1]. Further, the judge also did refer to the case of Genesis Power Limited Anor v Franklin District Council [2005] NZRMA 541. The case also was about the wind farm along the coast of New Zealand. These two cases were used to by the judge to demonstrate to the applicant and general public that always there would be concerns about the environment whenever mega projects are commissioned, and that should not be a reason to stop prime development agendas[2]. How the Judge applied the law to the case The judge did use the case demonstrate the project lead to local area development. He maintained that through detailed environmental assessment and appropriate measures taken, the locals would benefit[3]. Differences between the cases Roseth SC in Tenacity Consulting v Warringah Council (2004) In this case, the subject was different views held about development as opposed to what the law says. The aspects of value, consideration, qualitative assessment, and reasonability of the proposal determine the merit of each project[4]. Genesis Power Limited Anor v Franklin District Council [2005] NZRMA This case was about establishing a wind farm at the cost of New Zealand. The appeal sought to establish if the construction, operations and other maintenance structures of the project at the coastal environment. The two issues raised by the applicant is the visual and noise from the project and if it is important to move the project to another environment. The verdict of the current case could have been different given the magnitude of the impact that the project was to cause to the residents, property, and landscape. The impact is a bit escalated[5]. The public policy issues involved The public policy issues that were addressed by the judge include the effects of visual, noise, flora impact, fauna, and property. The judge addressed the issues by maintaining that even though these problems are eminent, proper management could help mitigate the effects and the locals benefit from the wind farm engines[6]. References Environmental Planning and Assessment Amendment (Plan Making) Regulation LW 26.6.2009 Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Amendment (Bilateral Agreement Implementation) Bill 2014 UNFCC 2014 Climate Change Synthesis Report page 58 Monash University Law Review Brian Preston, Climate Change in the Courts (2010) 2 36